March 22 Blessed Clemens August von Galen. by irapuato on March 22, 2014More
March 22 Blessed Clemens August von Galen.
by irapuato on March 22, 2014
by irapuato on March 22, 2014
Cardenal Clemens August von Galen, obispo de Münster
Nació el 16 de marzo de 1878 en el castillo de Dinklage, en Oldenburg (Alemania). Era el undécimo de trece hijos de los condes Ferdinand y Elisabetta von Spee; creció en el seno de una familia creyente. Comenzó sus primeros estudios en el colegio de los jesuitas de Feldberg y obtuvo el título de bachillerato en 1896, en Vechta. Continuó sus …More
Cardenal Clemens August von Galen, obispo de Münster
Nació el 16 de marzo de 1878 en el castillo de Dinklage, en Oldenburg (Alemania). Era el undécimo de trece hijos de los condes Ferdinand y Elisabetta von Spee; creció en el seno de una familia creyente. Comenzó sus primeros estudios en el colegio de los jesuitas de Feldberg y obtuvo el título de bachillerato en 1896, en Vechta. Continuó sus estudios en Friburgo (Suiza), Innsbruck y Münster. Recibió la ordenación sacerdotal el 28 de mayo de 1904.
Durante un breve período ejerció el ministerio como vicario cooperador de la catedral de Münster; luego fue nombrado vicario cooperador de la iglesia de San Matías en Berlín. Comenzó así una actividad sacerdotal en la capital del antiguo imperio alemán, que duró 23 años. Trabajó durante algunos años como cooperador en la parroquia de San Clemente; luego fue nombrado párroco de San Matías en Berlín-Schöneberg. Allí vivió los años terribles de la primera guerra mundial, los disturbios de la posguerra y un largo período de la época de Weimar. La situación de la diáspora en Berlín le obligó a afrontar notables exigencias pastorales. En 1929 fue nombrado párroco de la iglesia de San Lamberto en Münster.
A la muerte del obispo Johannes Poggenburg, fue nombrado obispo de Münster. Recibió la consagración episcopal el 28 de octubre de 1933. Eligió como lema: "Nec laudibus, nec timore" (Ni por alabanzas ni por amenazas me desviaré de los caminos de Dios).
En su primera carta pastoral, para la Cuaresma de 1934, desenmascaró la ideología neopagana del nacionalsocialismo. En los años siguientes defendió continuamente la libertad de la Iglesia y de las asociaciones católicas, así como la enseñanza de la religión. En un sermón en la catedral de Xanten, en la primavera de 1936, acusó abiertamente al régimen nacionalsocialista de discriminar a los cristianos, encarcelarlos y hasta matarlos.
Mons. Clemens August von Galen fue uno de los obispos que Pío XI invitó a Roma en enero de 1937 para conversar con ellos sobre la situación en Alemania y para preparar la encíclica "Mit Brennender Sorge" (Con gran preocupación), en la que el Papa acusó al régimen nacionalsocialista ante la opinión mundial. Gran resonancia mundial tuvieron más tarde, como punto culminante de su resistencia abierta contra el nacionalsocialismo, los tres famosos sermones que pronunció en el verano de 1941 ―el 13 de julio y el 3 de agosto― en la iglesia de San Lamberto y ―el 20 de julio― en la parroquia de Nuestra Señora en Münster, llamada "Überwasserkirche"; en ellos condenó los abusos del Estado y reclamó el derecho a la vida, a la inviolabilidad y a la libertad de los ciudadanos. Fustigó duramente el asesinato de los discapacitados físicos y mentales por considerarlos "improductivos". Por su actitud valiente fue llamado "el León de Münster". La autoridad nacional se sintió fuertemente herida y quería detenerlo y asesinarlo, pero temió perder el apoyo de la población católica de la diócesis de Münster para el tiempo de la guerra. El obispo sufrió mucho porque en su lugar llevaron a campos de concentración a 24 miembros del clero secular y 18 del clero regular, de los cuales 10 perdieron la vida.
En los difíciles meses de la posguerra, muchas personas recurrían a él. Se opuso abiertamente a las autoridades de ocupación cuando se quería cometer alguna injusticia. Contradijo enérgicamente a la opinión entonces dominante de la culpabilidad colectiva de todos los alemanes.
Pío XII lo creó cardenal el 18 de febrero de 1946, como reconocimiento a su actitud intrépida durante el período del nacionalsocialismo. Los fieles que llenaban la basílica de San Pedro aplaudieron cuando recibió de manos del Papa la dignidad cardenalicia. Al regresar a la diócesis, el 16 de marzo de 1946, fue acogido con entusiasmo por una gran multitud. Ante las ruinas de la catedral destruida pronunció su último discurso. Al día siguiente, después de una operación quirúrgica, enfermó de gravedad. Murió el 22 de marzo de ese mismo año y fue sepultado en la capilla de San Ludgero de la catedral derruida.
Fue un hombre de fe profunda y muy piadoso, como lo atestiguan sus cartas; uno de sus primeros actos pastorales fue la institución de la adoración perpetua en la iglesia de San Servacio de Münster. De su oración profunda sacaba fuerza para su inquebrantable resistencia a la injusticia e inhumanidad de los poderosos nacionalsocialistas y para su acción pastoral. Muchas veces, al alba, peregrinaba al santuario de la Virgen en Telgte para suplicar la protección de la Madre de Dios. Sigue siendo también hoy modelo para afrontar la "dictadura" de la moda o de la opinión pública, y enseña que se debe sacar la fuerza para ello de la fe personal y de una religiosidad auténtica.
www.vatican.va/…/ns_lit_doc_2005…
Nació el 16 de marzo de 1878 en el castillo de Dinklage, en Oldenburg (Alemania). Era el undécimo de trece hijos de los condes Ferdinand y Elisabetta von Spee; creció en el seno de una familia creyente. Comenzó sus primeros estudios en el colegio de los jesuitas de Feldberg y obtuvo el título de bachillerato en 1896, en Vechta. Continuó sus estudios en Friburgo (Suiza), Innsbruck y Münster. Recibió la ordenación sacerdotal el 28 de mayo de 1904.
Durante un breve período ejerció el ministerio como vicario cooperador de la catedral de Münster; luego fue nombrado vicario cooperador de la iglesia de San Matías en Berlín. Comenzó así una actividad sacerdotal en la capital del antiguo imperio alemán, que duró 23 años. Trabajó durante algunos años como cooperador en la parroquia de San Clemente; luego fue nombrado párroco de San Matías en Berlín-Schöneberg. Allí vivió los años terribles de la primera guerra mundial, los disturbios de la posguerra y un largo período de la época de Weimar. La situación de la diáspora en Berlín le obligó a afrontar notables exigencias pastorales. En 1929 fue nombrado párroco de la iglesia de San Lamberto en Münster.
A la muerte del obispo Johannes Poggenburg, fue nombrado obispo de Münster. Recibió la consagración episcopal el 28 de octubre de 1933. Eligió como lema: "Nec laudibus, nec timore" (Ni por alabanzas ni por amenazas me desviaré de los caminos de Dios).
En su primera carta pastoral, para la Cuaresma de 1934, desenmascaró la ideología neopagana del nacionalsocialismo. En los años siguientes defendió continuamente la libertad de la Iglesia y de las asociaciones católicas, así como la enseñanza de la religión. En un sermón en la catedral de Xanten, en la primavera de 1936, acusó abiertamente al régimen nacionalsocialista de discriminar a los cristianos, encarcelarlos y hasta matarlos.
Mons. Clemens August von Galen fue uno de los obispos que Pío XI invitó a Roma en enero de 1937 para conversar con ellos sobre la situación en Alemania y para preparar la encíclica "Mit Brennender Sorge" (Con gran preocupación), en la que el Papa acusó al régimen nacionalsocialista ante la opinión mundial. Gran resonancia mundial tuvieron más tarde, como punto culminante de su resistencia abierta contra el nacionalsocialismo, los tres famosos sermones que pronunció en el verano de 1941 ―el 13 de julio y el 3 de agosto― en la iglesia de San Lamberto y ―el 20 de julio― en la parroquia de Nuestra Señora en Münster, llamada "Überwasserkirche"; en ellos condenó los abusos del Estado y reclamó el derecho a la vida, a la inviolabilidad y a la libertad de los ciudadanos. Fustigó duramente el asesinato de los discapacitados físicos y mentales por considerarlos "improductivos". Por su actitud valiente fue llamado "el León de Münster". La autoridad nacional se sintió fuertemente herida y quería detenerlo y asesinarlo, pero temió perder el apoyo de la población católica de la diócesis de Münster para el tiempo de la guerra. El obispo sufrió mucho porque en su lugar llevaron a campos de concentración a 24 miembros del clero secular y 18 del clero regular, de los cuales 10 perdieron la vida.
En los difíciles meses de la posguerra, muchas personas recurrían a él. Se opuso abiertamente a las autoridades de ocupación cuando se quería cometer alguna injusticia. Contradijo enérgicamente a la opinión entonces dominante de la culpabilidad colectiva de todos los alemanes.
Pío XII lo creó cardenal el 18 de febrero de 1946, como reconocimiento a su actitud intrépida durante el período del nacionalsocialismo. Los fieles que llenaban la basílica de San Pedro aplaudieron cuando recibió de manos del Papa la dignidad cardenalicia. Al regresar a la diócesis, el 16 de marzo de 1946, fue acogido con entusiasmo por una gran multitud. Ante las ruinas de la catedral destruida pronunció su último discurso. Al día siguiente, después de una operación quirúrgica, enfermó de gravedad. Murió el 22 de marzo de ese mismo año y fue sepultado en la capilla de San Ludgero de la catedral derruida.
Fue un hombre de fe profunda y muy piadoso, como lo atestiguan sus cartas; uno de sus primeros actos pastorales fue la institución de la adoración perpetua en la iglesia de San Servacio de Münster. De su oración profunda sacaba fuerza para su inquebrantable resistencia a la injusticia e inhumanidad de los poderosos nacionalsocialistas y para su acción pastoral. Muchas veces, al alba, peregrinaba al santuario de la Virgen en Telgte para suplicar la protección de la Madre de Dios. Sigue siendo también hoy modelo para afrontar la "dictadura" de la moda o de la opinión pública, y enseña que se debe sacar la fuerza para ello de la fe personal y de una religiosidad auténtica.
www.vatican.va/…/ns_lit_doc_2005…
Fellow Christians! In the pastoral letter of the German bishops of June 26, 1941, which was read out in all the Catholic churches in Germany on July 6, 1941, it states among other things: It is true that there are definite commandments in Catholic moral doctrine which are no longer applicable if their fulfillment involves too many difficulties.
However, there are sacred obligations of conscience …More
Fellow Christians! In the pastoral letter of the German bishops of June 26, 1941, which was read out in all the Catholic churches in Germany on July 6, 1941, it states among other things: It is true that there are definite commandments in Catholic moral doctrine which are no longer applicable if their fulfillment involves too many difficulties.
However, there are sacred obligations of conscience from which no one has the power to release us and which we must fulfil even if it costs us our lives. Never under any circumstances may a human being kill an innocent person apart from war and legitimate self-defense. On July 6, I already had cause to add to the pastoral letter the following explanation: for some months we have been hearing reports that, on the orders of Berlin, patients from mental asylums who have been ill for a long time and may appear incurable, are being compulsorily removed. Then, after a short time, the relatives are regularly informed that the corpse has been burnt and the ashes can be delivered. There is a general suspicion verging on certainty, that these numerous unexpected deaths of mentally ill people do not occur of themselves but are deliberately brought about, that the doctrine is being followed, according to which one may destroy so-called 'worthless life,' that is, kill innocent people if one considers that their lives are of no further value for the nation and the state.
I am reliably informed that lists are also being drawn up in the asylums of the province of Westphalia as well of those patients who are to be taken away as so-called 'unproductive national comrades' and shortly to be killed. The first transport left the Marienthal institution near Münster during this past week.
German men and women, section 211 of the Reich Penal Code is still valid. It states: 'He who deliberately kills another person will be punished by death for murder if the killing is premeditated.'
Those patients who are destined to be killed are transported away from home to a distant asylum presumably in order to protect those who deliberately kill those poor people, members of our families, from this legal punishment. Some illness is then given as the cause of death. Since the corpse has been burnt straight away, the relatives and also the criminal police are unable to establish whether the illness really occurred and what the cause of death was.
However, I have been assured that the Reich Interior Ministry and the office of the Reich Doctors' Leader, Dr. Conti, make no bones about the fact that in reality a large number of mentally ill people in Germany have been deliberately killed and more will be killed in the future.
The Penal Code lays down in section 139: 'He who receives credible information concerning the intention to commit a crime against life and neglects to alert the authorities or the person who is threatened in time...will be punished.'
When I learned of the intention to transport patients from Marienthal in order to kill them, I brought a formal charge at the State Court in Münster and with the Police President in Münster by means of a registered letter which read as follows: "According to information which I have received, in the course of this week a large number of patients from the Marienthal Provincial Asylum near Münster are to be transported to the Eichberg asylum as so-called 'unproductive national comrades' and will then soon be deliberately killed, as is generally believed has occurred with such transports from other asylums. Since such an action is not only contrary to the moral laws of God and Nature but also is punishable with death as murder under section 211 of the Penal Code, I hereby bring a charge in accordance with my duty under section 139 of the Penal Code, and request you to provide immediate protection for the national comrades threatened in this way by taking action against those agencies who are intending their removal and murder, and that you inform me of the steps that have been taken."
I have received no news concerning intervention by the Prosecutor's Office or by the police...Thus we must assume that the poor helpless patients will soon be killed.
For what reason?
Not because they have committed a crime worthy of death. Not because they attacked their nurses or orderlies so that the latter had no other choice but to use legitimate force to defend their lives against their attackers. Those are cases where, in addition to the killing of an armed enemy in a just war, the use of force to the point of killing is allowed and is often required.
No, it is not for such reasons that these unfortunate patients must die but rather because, in the opinion of some department, on the testimony of some commission, they have become 'worthless life' because according to this testimony they are 'unproductive national comrades.' The argument goes: they can no longer produce commodities, they are like an old machine that no longer works, they are like an old horse which has become incurably lame, they are like a cow which no longer gives milk.
What does one do with such an old machine? It is thrown on the scrap heap. What does one do with a lame horse, with such an unproductive cow?
No, I do not want to continue the comparison to the end--however fearful the justification for it and the symbolic force of it are. We are not dealing with machines, horses and cows whose only function is to serve mankind, to produce goods for man. One may smash them, one may slaughter them as soon as they no longer fulfil this function.
No, we are dealing with human beings, our fellow human beings, our brothers and sisters. With poor people, sick people, if you like unproductive people.
But have they for that reason forfeited the right to life?
Have you, have I the right to live only so long as we are productive, so long as we are recognized by others as productive?
If you establish and apply the principle that you can kill 'unproductive' fellow human beings then woe betide us all when we become old and frail! If one is allowed to kill the unproductive people then woe betide the invalids who have used up, sacrificed and lost their health and strength in the productive process. If one is allowed forcibly to remove one's unproductive fellow human beings then woe betide loyal soldiers who return to the homeland seriously disabled, as cripples, as invalids. If it is once accepted that people have the right to kill 'unproductive' fellow humans--and even if initially it only affects the poor defenseless mentally ill--then as a matter of principle murder is permitted for all unproductive people, in other words for the incurably sick, the people who have become invalids through labor and war, for us all when we become old, frail and therefore unproductive.
Then, it is only necessary for some secret edict to order that the method developed for the mentally ill should be extended to other 'unproductive' people, that it should be applied to those suffering from incurable lung disease, to the elderly who are frail or invalids, to the severely disabled soldiers. Then none of our lives will be safe any more. Some commission can put us on the list of the 'unproductive,' who in their opinion have become worthless life. And no police force will protect us and no court will investigate our murder and give the murderer the punishment he deserves.
Who will be able to trust his doctor any more?
He may report his patient as 'unproductive' and receive instructions to kill him. It is impossible to imagine the degree of moral depravity, of general mistrust that would then spread even through families if this dreadful doctrine is tolerated, accepted and followed.
Woe to mankind, woe to our German nation if God's Holy Commandment 'Thou shalt not kill,' which God proclaimed on Mount Sinai amidst thunder and lightning, which God our Creator inscribed in the conscience of mankind from the very beginning, is not only broken, but if this transgression is actually tolerated and permitted to go unpunished.
Cardinal Clemens von Galen - August 3, 1941
Post-note: The sermon sent a shockwave through the Nazi leadership all the way up to Hitler. As a result, on August 23, 1941, Hitler suspended Aktion T4 which had accounted for nearly a hundred thousand deaths by this time.
The Nazis pondered what to do about the Cardinal. They eventually retaliated by arresting and then beheading three parish priests who had distributed his sermon, but left the Cardinal unharmed to avoid making him into a martyr.
However, the Nazi euthanasia program quietly continued, but without the widespread gassings. Drugs and starvation were used instead and doctors were encouraged to decide in favor of death whenever euthanasia was being considered.
www.historyplace.com/speeches/galen.htm
However, there are sacred obligations of conscience from which no one has the power to release us and which we must fulfil even if it costs us our lives. Never under any circumstances may a human being kill an innocent person apart from war and legitimate self-defense. On July 6, I already had cause to add to the pastoral letter the following explanation: for some months we have been hearing reports that, on the orders of Berlin, patients from mental asylums who have been ill for a long time and may appear incurable, are being compulsorily removed. Then, after a short time, the relatives are regularly informed that the corpse has been burnt and the ashes can be delivered. There is a general suspicion verging on certainty, that these numerous unexpected deaths of mentally ill people do not occur of themselves but are deliberately brought about, that the doctrine is being followed, according to which one may destroy so-called 'worthless life,' that is, kill innocent people if one considers that their lives are of no further value for the nation and the state.
I am reliably informed that lists are also being drawn up in the asylums of the province of Westphalia as well of those patients who are to be taken away as so-called 'unproductive national comrades' and shortly to be killed. The first transport left the Marienthal institution near Münster during this past week.
German men and women, section 211 of the Reich Penal Code is still valid. It states: 'He who deliberately kills another person will be punished by death for murder if the killing is premeditated.'
Those patients who are destined to be killed are transported away from home to a distant asylum presumably in order to protect those who deliberately kill those poor people, members of our families, from this legal punishment. Some illness is then given as the cause of death. Since the corpse has been burnt straight away, the relatives and also the criminal police are unable to establish whether the illness really occurred and what the cause of death was.
However, I have been assured that the Reich Interior Ministry and the office of the Reich Doctors' Leader, Dr. Conti, make no bones about the fact that in reality a large number of mentally ill people in Germany have been deliberately killed and more will be killed in the future.
The Penal Code lays down in section 139: 'He who receives credible information concerning the intention to commit a crime against life and neglects to alert the authorities or the person who is threatened in time...will be punished.'
When I learned of the intention to transport patients from Marienthal in order to kill them, I brought a formal charge at the State Court in Münster and with the Police President in Münster by means of a registered letter which read as follows: "According to information which I have received, in the course of this week a large number of patients from the Marienthal Provincial Asylum near Münster are to be transported to the Eichberg asylum as so-called 'unproductive national comrades' and will then soon be deliberately killed, as is generally believed has occurred with such transports from other asylums. Since such an action is not only contrary to the moral laws of God and Nature but also is punishable with death as murder under section 211 of the Penal Code, I hereby bring a charge in accordance with my duty under section 139 of the Penal Code, and request you to provide immediate protection for the national comrades threatened in this way by taking action against those agencies who are intending their removal and murder, and that you inform me of the steps that have been taken."
I have received no news concerning intervention by the Prosecutor's Office or by the police...Thus we must assume that the poor helpless patients will soon be killed.
For what reason?
Not because they have committed a crime worthy of death. Not because they attacked their nurses or orderlies so that the latter had no other choice but to use legitimate force to defend their lives against their attackers. Those are cases where, in addition to the killing of an armed enemy in a just war, the use of force to the point of killing is allowed and is often required.
No, it is not for such reasons that these unfortunate patients must die but rather because, in the opinion of some department, on the testimony of some commission, they have become 'worthless life' because according to this testimony they are 'unproductive national comrades.' The argument goes: they can no longer produce commodities, they are like an old machine that no longer works, they are like an old horse which has become incurably lame, they are like a cow which no longer gives milk.
What does one do with such an old machine? It is thrown on the scrap heap. What does one do with a lame horse, with such an unproductive cow?
No, I do not want to continue the comparison to the end--however fearful the justification for it and the symbolic force of it are. We are not dealing with machines, horses and cows whose only function is to serve mankind, to produce goods for man. One may smash them, one may slaughter them as soon as they no longer fulfil this function.
No, we are dealing with human beings, our fellow human beings, our brothers and sisters. With poor people, sick people, if you like unproductive people.
But have they for that reason forfeited the right to life?
Have you, have I the right to live only so long as we are productive, so long as we are recognized by others as productive?
If you establish and apply the principle that you can kill 'unproductive' fellow human beings then woe betide us all when we become old and frail! If one is allowed to kill the unproductive people then woe betide the invalids who have used up, sacrificed and lost their health and strength in the productive process. If one is allowed forcibly to remove one's unproductive fellow human beings then woe betide loyal soldiers who return to the homeland seriously disabled, as cripples, as invalids. If it is once accepted that people have the right to kill 'unproductive' fellow humans--and even if initially it only affects the poor defenseless mentally ill--then as a matter of principle murder is permitted for all unproductive people, in other words for the incurably sick, the people who have become invalids through labor and war, for us all when we become old, frail and therefore unproductive.
Then, it is only necessary for some secret edict to order that the method developed for the mentally ill should be extended to other 'unproductive' people, that it should be applied to those suffering from incurable lung disease, to the elderly who are frail or invalids, to the severely disabled soldiers. Then none of our lives will be safe any more. Some commission can put us on the list of the 'unproductive,' who in their opinion have become worthless life. And no police force will protect us and no court will investigate our murder and give the murderer the punishment he deserves.
Who will be able to trust his doctor any more?
He may report his patient as 'unproductive' and receive instructions to kill him. It is impossible to imagine the degree of moral depravity, of general mistrust that would then spread even through families if this dreadful doctrine is tolerated, accepted and followed.
Woe to mankind, woe to our German nation if God's Holy Commandment 'Thou shalt not kill,' which God proclaimed on Mount Sinai amidst thunder and lightning, which God our Creator inscribed in the conscience of mankind from the very beginning, is not only broken, but if this transgression is actually tolerated and permitted to go unpunished.
Cardinal Clemens von Galen - August 3, 1941
Post-note: The sermon sent a shockwave through the Nazi leadership all the way up to Hitler. As a result, on August 23, 1941, Hitler suspended Aktion T4 which had accounted for nearly a hundred thousand deaths by this time.
The Nazis pondered what to do about the Cardinal. They eventually retaliated by arresting and then beheading three parish priests who had distributed his sermon, but left the Cardinal unharmed to avoid making him into a martyr.
However, the Nazi euthanasia program quietly continued, but without the widespread gassings. Drugs and starvation were used instead and doctors were encouraged to decide in favor of death whenever euthanasia was being considered.
www.historyplace.com/speeches/galen.htm
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From Bishop Von Galen’s Sermon against Euthanasia
"Thou shalt not kill." God engraved this commandment on the souls of men long before any penal code laid down punishment for murder, long before any court prosecuted and avenged homicide. Cain, who killed his brother Abel, was a murderer long before courts or states came into existence, and plagued by his conscience he confessed, "Guilt like mine …More
From Bishop Von Galen’s Sermon against Euthanasia
"Thou shalt not kill." God engraved this commandment on the souls of men long before any penal code laid down punishment for murder, long before any court prosecuted and avenged homicide. Cain, who killed his brother Abel, was a murderer long before courts or states came into existence, and plagued by his conscience he confessed, "Guilt like mine is too great to find forgiveness . . . and I shall wander over the earth, a fugitive; anyone I meet will slay me." Because of his love for us God has engraved these commandments in our hearts and has made them manifest to us. They express the need of our nature created by God. They are the unchangeable and fundamental truths of our social life grounded on reason, well pleasing to God, healthful and sacred. God, our Father, wishes by these precepts to gather us, his children, about him as a hen shelters her brood under her wings. If we are obedient to his commands, then we are protected and preserved against the destruction with which we are menaced, just as the chicks beneath the wings of the mother. "Jerusalem, Jerusalem . . . how often have I been ready to gather thy children together, as a hen gathers her chickens under her wings; and thou didst refuse it!" Does history again repeat itself here in Germany, in our land of Westphalia, in our city of Munster? Where in Germany and where, here, is obedience to the precepts of God? The eighth commandment requires "Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor." How often do we see this commandment publicly and shamelessly broken? In the seventh commandment we read, "Thou shalt not steal." But who can say that property is safe when our brethren, monks and nuns, are forcibly and violently despoiled of their convents, and who now protects property if it is illegally sequestered and not given back? . . . The first three commandments have long counted for nothing in the public life of Germany and here also in Munster . . . The Sabbath is desecrated; holy days of obligation are secularized and no longer observed in the service of God. His name is made fun of, dishonored, and all too frequently b.asphemed. As for the first commandment, "Thou shalt not have strange gods before me," instead of the One, True, Eternal God, men have created at the dictates of their whim, their own gods to adore: Nature, the State, the Nation, or the Race. In the words of St. Paul, for many their god is their belly, their ease, to which all is sacrificed down to conscience and honor for the gratification of the carnal senses, for wealth and ambition. Then we are not surprised that they should claim divine privileges and seek to make themselves overlords of life and death.
—Delivered August 3, 1941 at the Church of St. Lambert in Munster
T4: The Nazis’ Euthanasia Solution
He who is bodily and mentally not sound and deserving may not perpetuate this misfortune in the bodies of his children. —Hitler, Mein Kampf
Beginning in 1939, the National Socialist regime begin systematically killing disabled children in "specially designated pediatric clinics" via starvation and overdose. By the end of World War II, an estimated 5,000 infants and children had been murdered by the Nazis. The program, code-named T4, was extended to adults beginning in 1940. Physicians working for the T4 program examined medical files (seldom the institutionalized patients themselves) and marked for death disabled and mentally ill adults, in most cases without the knowledge or consent of family members. Those selected for extermination were rounded up, processed, and directed into a facility for a "disinfecting shower." Instead, the victims were gassed to death via carbon monoxide. Their bodies were cremated and the ashes sent to families with an official death certificate listing a fictitious cause of death.
By 1941 the program had become public knowledge, in part because of the opposition from German clergymen, including Bishop von Galen. Hitler officially halted the adult killings, but the child program continued. In 1942 the adult killings resumed in secret and continued until the end of the war, with an ever-expanding range of victims, including the elderly, hospitalized war victims, and foreign laborers. In all, an estimated 200,000 people were executed as part of the Nazi "mercy killing" agenda.
(Source: The United States National Holocaust Memorial Museum, www.ushmm.org)
"Thou shalt not kill." God engraved this commandment on the souls of men long before any penal code laid down punishment for murder, long before any court prosecuted and avenged homicide. Cain, who killed his brother Abel, was a murderer long before courts or states came into existence, and plagued by his conscience he confessed, "Guilt like mine is too great to find forgiveness . . . and I shall wander over the earth, a fugitive; anyone I meet will slay me." Because of his love for us God has engraved these commandments in our hearts and has made them manifest to us. They express the need of our nature created by God. They are the unchangeable and fundamental truths of our social life grounded on reason, well pleasing to God, healthful and sacred. God, our Father, wishes by these precepts to gather us, his children, about him as a hen shelters her brood under her wings. If we are obedient to his commands, then we are protected and preserved against the destruction with which we are menaced, just as the chicks beneath the wings of the mother. "Jerusalem, Jerusalem . . . how often have I been ready to gather thy children together, as a hen gathers her chickens under her wings; and thou didst refuse it!" Does history again repeat itself here in Germany, in our land of Westphalia, in our city of Munster? Where in Germany and where, here, is obedience to the precepts of God? The eighth commandment requires "Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor." How often do we see this commandment publicly and shamelessly broken? In the seventh commandment we read, "Thou shalt not steal." But who can say that property is safe when our brethren, monks and nuns, are forcibly and violently despoiled of their convents, and who now protects property if it is illegally sequestered and not given back? . . . The first three commandments have long counted for nothing in the public life of Germany and here also in Munster . . . The Sabbath is desecrated; holy days of obligation are secularized and no longer observed in the service of God. His name is made fun of, dishonored, and all too frequently b.asphemed. As for the first commandment, "Thou shalt not have strange gods before me," instead of the One, True, Eternal God, men have created at the dictates of their whim, their own gods to adore: Nature, the State, the Nation, or the Race. In the words of St. Paul, for many their god is their belly, their ease, to which all is sacrificed down to conscience and honor for the gratification of the carnal senses, for wealth and ambition. Then we are not surprised that they should claim divine privileges and seek to make themselves overlords of life and death.
—Delivered August 3, 1941 at the Church of St. Lambert in Munster
T4: The Nazis’ Euthanasia Solution
He who is bodily and mentally not sound and deserving may not perpetuate this misfortune in the bodies of his children. —Hitler, Mein Kampf
Beginning in 1939, the National Socialist regime begin systematically killing disabled children in "specially designated pediatric clinics" via starvation and overdose. By the end of World War II, an estimated 5,000 infants and children had been murdered by the Nazis. The program, code-named T4, was extended to adults beginning in 1940. Physicians working for the T4 program examined medical files (seldom the institutionalized patients themselves) and marked for death disabled and mentally ill adults, in most cases without the knowledge or consent of family members. Those selected for extermination were rounded up, processed, and directed into a facility for a "disinfecting shower." Instead, the victims were gassed to death via carbon monoxide. Their bodies were cremated and the ashes sent to families with an official death certificate listing a fictitious cause of death.
By 1941 the program had become public knowledge, in part because of the opposition from German clergymen, including Bishop von Galen. Hitler officially halted the adult killings, but the child program continued. In 1942 the adult killings resumed in secret and continued until the end of the war, with an ever-expanding range of victims, including the elderly, hospitalized war victims, and foreign laborers. In all, an estimated 200,000 people were executed as part of the Nazi "mercy killing" agenda.
(Source: The United States National Holocaust Memorial Museum, www.ushmm.org)
sel. Clemens August Graf von Galen
Gedenktag katholisch: 22. März
nicht gebotener Gedenktag im Bistum Berlin, Essen und Münster
Name bedeutet: C: der Sanftmütige (latein.)
A: der Erhabene (latein.)
Kardinal, Bischof von Münster
* 16. März 1878 auf der Burg Dinklage in Niedersachsen
† 22. März 1946 in Münster in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Clemens August Graf von Galen
Clemens August, als elftes von 13…More
sel. Clemens August Graf von Galen
Gedenktag katholisch: 22. März
nicht gebotener Gedenktag im Bistum Berlin, Essen und Münster
Name bedeutet: C: der Sanftmütige (latein.)
A: der Erhabene (latein.)
Kardinal, Bischof von Münster
* 16. März 1878 auf der Burg Dinklage in Niedersachsen
† 22. März 1946 in Münster in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Clemens August Graf von Galen
Clemens August, als elftes von 13 Kindern des Zentrumsabgeordneten Ferdinand Graf von Galen geboren, studierte Philosophie in Fribourg in der Schweiz, dann Theologie in Innsbruck und in Münster, wo er 1904 zum Priester geweiht wurde. 1906 wurde Galen KaplanEin Kaplan (von lateinisch capellanus, „der einer Hofkapelle zugeordnete Kleriker”) ist im deutschen Sprachraum ein römisch-katholischer Priester in den ersten Jahren nach seiner Weihe, der in der Regel noch einem erfahrenen Pfarrer unterstellt ist. In manchen Bistümern wird er Vikar genannt - dies ist die Bezeichnung des kanonischen Kirchenrechts von 1983 - in anderen Kooperator. in der Großstadtseelsorge in Berlin. Mehrfach äußerte er Skepsis gegenüber der modernen Gesellschaftsordnung, kritisierte auch die parlamentarische Demokratie der Weimarer Republik und war aktiv im konservativen Flügel der Zentrumspartei. 1919 wurde er Pfarrer in Schöneberg, das 1920 nach Berlin eingemeindet wurde, und 1929 Pfarrer in Münster. 1933 wurde er zum Bischof von Münster ernannt, schon bald trat er entschieden und öffentlich der kirchenfeindlichen Politik und der Rassenlehre der Nationalsozialisten entgegen.
1936 begrüßte von Galen zwar den Einmarsch deutscher Truppen in das seit dem Versailler Vertrag entmilitarisierte Rheinland, aber 1937 sorgte er für die Verbreitung der Enzyklika von Papst Pius XI. Mit brennender Sorge, in der das NS-Regime und seine Kirchen- und Rassenpolitik scharf verurteilt wurden. 1941 hielt Galen drei Predigten, in denen er die Beschlagnahmung von Kirchengütern und die Euthanasiemaßnahmen der Nationalsozialisten anprangerte. Nachschriften wurden in ganz Deutschland verbreitet. Aufgrund seiner mutigen Kritik wurde er als Löwe von Münster bezeichnet und auch im Ausland bekannt. Einer Verhaftung entging Galen, weil das NS-Regime um die Loyalität von Katholiken und Münsterländern fürchtete.
Ab 1945 kritisierte von Galen auch die Willkür der Besatzungsmächte, was ihm die Gegnerschaft der britischen Militärverwaltung einbrachte. 1946 wurde er in Rom zum Kardinal erhoben, kurz nach der Rückkehr starb er.
Kanonisation: Die Seligsprechung erfolgte 2005 in Anwesenheit von Papst Benedikt XVI. in Rom durch den Präfekten der Kongregation für die Selig- und Heiligsprechungsprozesse, Kardinal José Saraiva Martins.
Von Galens Predigt vom 20. Juli 1941
Von Galens Lebensbeschreibung aus der Homepage des Vatikans
Zur Seligsprechung hat Eva Demmerle eine Internetseite mit ausführlichen Informationen, auch zur Biografie von Galens, eingerichtet.
Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon
www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienC/Clemens_August_…
Gedenktag katholisch: 22. März
nicht gebotener Gedenktag im Bistum Berlin, Essen und Münster
Name bedeutet: C: der Sanftmütige (latein.)
A: der Erhabene (latein.)
Kardinal, Bischof von Münster
* 16. März 1878 auf der Burg Dinklage in Niedersachsen
† 22. März 1946 in Münster in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Clemens August Graf von Galen
Clemens August, als elftes von 13 Kindern des Zentrumsabgeordneten Ferdinand Graf von Galen geboren, studierte Philosophie in Fribourg in der Schweiz, dann Theologie in Innsbruck und in Münster, wo er 1904 zum Priester geweiht wurde. 1906 wurde Galen KaplanEin Kaplan (von lateinisch capellanus, „der einer Hofkapelle zugeordnete Kleriker”) ist im deutschen Sprachraum ein römisch-katholischer Priester in den ersten Jahren nach seiner Weihe, der in der Regel noch einem erfahrenen Pfarrer unterstellt ist. In manchen Bistümern wird er Vikar genannt - dies ist die Bezeichnung des kanonischen Kirchenrechts von 1983 - in anderen Kooperator. in der Großstadtseelsorge in Berlin. Mehrfach äußerte er Skepsis gegenüber der modernen Gesellschaftsordnung, kritisierte auch die parlamentarische Demokratie der Weimarer Republik und war aktiv im konservativen Flügel der Zentrumspartei. 1919 wurde er Pfarrer in Schöneberg, das 1920 nach Berlin eingemeindet wurde, und 1929 Pfarrer in Münster. 1933 wurde er zum Bischof von Münster ernannt, schon bald trat er entschieden und öffentlich der kirchenfeindlichen Politik und der Rassenlehre der Nationalsozialisten entgegen.
1936 begrüßte von Galen zwar den Einmarsch deutscher Truppen in das seit dem Versailler Vertrag entmilitarisierte Rheinland, aber 1937 sorgte er für die Verbreitung der Enzyklika von Papst Pius XI. Mit brennender Sorge, in der das NS-Regime und seine Kirchen- und Rassenpolitik scharf verurteilt wurden. 1941 hielt Galen drei Predigten, in denen er die Beschlagnahmung von Kirchengütern und die Euthanasiemaßnahmen der Nationalsozialisten anprangerte. Nachschriften wurden in ganz Deutschland verbreitet. Aufgrund seiner mutigen Kritik wurde er als Löwe von Münster bezeichnet und auch im Ausland bekannt. Einer Verhaftung entging Galen, weil das NS-Regime um die Loyalität von Katholiken und Münsterländern fürchtete.
Ab 1945 kritisierte von Galen auch die Willkür der Besatzungsmächte, was ihm die Gegnerschaft der britischen Militärverwaltung einbrachte. 1946 wurde er in Rom zum Kardinal erhoben, kurz nach der Rückkehr starb er.
Kanonisation: Die Seligsprechung erfolgte 2005 in Anwesenheit von Papst Benedikt XVI. in Rom durch den Präfekten der Kongregation für die Selig- und Heiligsprechungsprozesse, Kardinal José Saraiva Martins.
Von Galens Predigt vom 20. Juli 1941
Von Galens Lebensbeschreibung aus der Homepage des Vatikans
Zur Seligsprechung hat Eva Demmerle eine Internetseite mit ausführlichen Informationen, auch zur Biografie von Galens, eingerichtet.
Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon
www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienC/Clemens_August_…
Clemens August von Galen was born on 16 March 1878 in Dinklage Castle, Oldenburg, Germany, the 11th of 13 children born to Count Ferdinand Heribert and Elisabeth von Spee.
His father belonged to the noble family of Westphalia, who since 1660 governed the village of Dinklage. For over two centuries his ancestors carried out the inherited office of camerlengo of the Diocese of Münster.
Clemens August …More
Clemens August von Galen was born on 16 March 1878 in Dinklage Castle, Oldenburg, Germany, the 11th of 13 children born to Count Ferdinand Heribert and Elisabeth von Spee.
His father belonged to the noble family of Westphalia, who since 1660 governed the village of Dinklage. For over two centuries his ancestors carried out the inherited office of camerlengo of the Diocese of Münster.
Clemens August grew up in Dinklage Castle and in other family seats. Due to the struggle between Church and State, he and his brothers were sent to a school run by the Jesuits in Feldkirch, Austria.
He remained there until 1894, when he transferred to the Antonianum in Vechta. After graduation, he studied philosophy and theology in Freiburg, Innsbruck and Münster, and was ordained a priest on 28 May 1904 for the Diocese of Münster by Bishop Hermann Dingelstadt.
Parish priest, concern for poor
His first two years as a priest were spent as vicar of the diocesan cathedral where he became chaplain to his uncle, Bishop Maximilian Gerion von Galen.
From 1906 to 1929, Fr von Galen carried out much of his pastoral activity outside Münster: in 1906 he was made chaplain of the parish of St Matthias in Berlin-Schönberg; from 1911 to 1919 he was curate of a new parish in Berlin before becoming parish priest of the Basilica of St Matthias in Berlin-Schönberg, where he served for 10 years; here, he was particularly remembered for his special concern for the poor and outcasts.
In 1929, Fr von Galen was called back to Münster when Bishop Johannes Poggenpohl asked him to serve as parish priest of the Church of St Lambert.
"Nec laudibus, nec timore'
In January 1933, Bishop Poggenpohl died, leaving the See vacant. After two candidates refused, on 5 September 1933 Fr Clemens was appointed Bishop of Münster by Pope Pius XI.
On 28 October 1933 he was consecrated by Cardinal Joseph Schulte, Archbishop of Cologne; Bishop von Galen was the first diocesan Bishop to be consecrated under Hitler's regime.
As his motto, he chose the formula of the rite of episcopal consecration: "Nec laudibus, nec timore" (Neither praise nor threats will distance me from God).
Throughout the 20 years that Bishop von Galen was curate and parish priest in Berlin, he wrote on various political and social issues; in a pastoral letter dated 26 March 1934, he wrote very clearly and critically on the "neopaganism of the national socialist ideology".
Due to his outspoken criticism, he was called to Rome by Pope Pius XI in 1937 together with the Bishop of Berlin, to confer with them on the situation in Germany and speak of the eventual publication of an Encyclical.
On 14 March 1937 the Encyclical "Mit brennender Sorge" (To the Bishops of Germany: The place of the Catholic Church in the German Reich) was published. It was widely circulated by Bishop von Galen, notwithstanding Nazi opposition.
"Lion of Munster'
In the summer of 1941, in answer to unwarranted attacks by the National Socialists, Bishop von Galen delivered three admonitory sermons between July and August. He spoke in his old parish Church of St Lambert and in Liebfrauen-Ueberlassen Church, since the diocesan cathedral had been bombed.
In his famous speeches, Bishop von Galen spoke out against the State confiscation of Church property and the programmatic euthanasia carried out by the regime.
The clarity and incisiveness of his words and the unshakable fidelity of Catholics in the Diocese of Münster embarrassed the Nazi regime, and on 10 October 1943 the Bishop's residence was bombed. Bishop von Galen was forced to take refuge in nearby Borromeo College.
From 12 September 1944 on, he could no longer remain in the city of Münster, destroyed by the war; he left for the zone of Sendenhorst.
In 1945, Vatican Radio announced that Pope Pius XII was to hold a Consistory and that the Bishop of Münster was also to be present.
Creation of a Cardinal
After a long and difficult journey, due to the war and other impediments, Bishop von Galen finally arrived in the "Eternal City". On 21 February 1946 the Public Consistory was held in St Peter's Basilica and Bishop von Galen was created a Cardinal.
On 16 March 1946 the 68-year-old Cardinal returned to Münster. He was cordially welcomed back by the city Authorities and awarded honorary citizenship by the burgomaster.
On the site of what remained of the cathedral, Cardinal von Galen gave his first (and what would be his last) discourse to the more than 50,000 people who had gathered, thanking them for their fidelity to the then-Bishop of Münster during the National Socialist regime. He explained that as a Bishop, it was his duty to speak clearly and plainly about what was happening.
No one knew that the Cardinal was gravely ill, and when he returned to Münster on 19 March 1946 he had to undergo an operation.
Cardinal von Galen died just three days later, on 22 March. He was buried on 28 March in the Ludgerus Chapel, which has become a place of pilgrimage to this defender of the faith in the face of political oppression.
www.vatican.va/…/ns_lit_doc_2005…
His father belonged to the noble family of Westphalia, who since 1660 governed the village of Dinklage. For over two centuries his ancestors carried out the inherited office of camerlengo of the Diocese of Münster.
Clemens August grew up in Dinklage Castle and in other family seats. Due to the struggle between Church and State, he and his brothers were sent to a school run by the Jesuits in Feldkirch, Austria.
He remained there until 1894, when he transferred to the Antonianum in Vechta. After graduation, he studied philosophy and theology in Freiburg, Innsbruck and Münster, and was ordained a priest on 28 May 1904 for the Diocese of Münster by Bishop Hermann Dingelstadt.
Parish priest, concern for poor
His first two years as a priest were spent as vicar of the diocesan cathedral where he became chaplain to his uncle, Bishop Maximilian Gerion von Galen.
From 1906 to 1929, Fr von Galen carried out much of his pastoral activity outside Münster: in 1906 he was made chaplain of the parish of St Matthias in Berlin-Schönberg; from 1911 to 1919 he was curate of a new parish in Berlin before becoming parish priest of the Basilica of St Matthias in Berlin-Schönberg, where he served for 10 years; here, he was particularly remembered for his special concern for the poor and outcasts.
In 1929, Fr von Galen was called back to Münster when Bishop Johannes Poggenpohl asked him to serve as parish priest of the Church of St Lambert.
"Nec laudibus, nec timore'
In January 1933, Bishop Poggenpohl died, leaving the See vacant. After two candidates refused, on 5 September 1933 Fr Clemens was appointed Bishop of Münster by Pope Pius XI.
On 28 October 1933 he was consecrated by Cardinal Joseph Schulte, Archbishop of Cologne; Bishop von Galen was the first diocesan Bishop to be consecrated under Hitler's regime.
As his motto, he chose the formula of the rite of episcopal consecration: "Nec laudibus, nec timore" (Neither praise nor threats will distance me from God).
Throughout the 20 years that Bishop von Galen was curate and parish priest in Berlin, he wrote on various political and social issues; in a pastoral letter dated 26 March 1934, he wrote very clearly and critically on the "neopaganism of the national socialist ideology".
Due to his outspoken criticism, he was called to Rome by Pope Pius XI in 1937 together with the Bishop of Berlin, to confer with them on the situation in Germany and speak of the eventual publication of an Encyclical.
On 14 March 1937 the Encyclical "Mit brennender Sorge" (To the Bishops of Germany: The place of the Catholic Church in the German Reich) was published. It was widely circulated by Bishop von Galen, notwithstanding Nazi opposition.
"Lion of Munster'
In the summer of 1941, in answer to unwarranted attacks by the National Socialists, Bishop von Galen delivered three admonitory sermons between July and August. He spoke in his old parish Church of St Lambert and in Liebfrauen-Ueberlassen Church, since the diocesan cathedral had been bombed.
In his famous speeches, Bishop von Galen spoke out against the State confiscation of Church property and the programmatic euthanasia carried out by the regime.
The clarity and incisiveness of his words and the unshakable fidelity of Catholics in the Diocese of Münster embarrassed the Nazi regime, and on 10 October 1943 the Bishop's residence was bombed. Bishop von Galen was forced to take refuge in nearby Borromeo College.
From 12 September 1944 on, he could no longer remain in the city of Münster, destroyed by the war; he left for the zone of Sendenhorst.
In 1945, Vatican Radio announced that Pope Pius XII was to hold a Consistory and that the Bishop of Münster was also to be present.
Creation of a Cardinal
After a long and difficult journey, due to the war and other impediments, Bishop von Galen finally arrived in the "Eternal City". On 21 February 1946 the Public Consistory was held in St Peter's Basilica and Bishop von Galen was created a Cardinal.
On 16 March 1946 the 68-year-old Cardinal returned to Münster. He was cordially welcomed back by the city Authorities and awarded honorary citizenship by the burgomaster.
On the site of what remained of the cathedral, Cardinal von Galen gave his first (and what would be his last) discourse to the more than 50,000 people who had gathered, thanking them for their fidelity to the then-Bishop of Münster during the National Socialist regime. He explained that as a Bishop, it was his duty to speak clearly and plainly about what was happening.
No one knew that the Cardinal was gravely ill, and when he returned to Münster on 19 March 1946 he had to undergo an operation.
Cardinal von Galen died just three days later, on 22 March. He was buried on 28 March in the Ludgerus Chapel, which has become a place of pilgrimage to this defender of the faith in the face of political oppression.
www.vatican.va/…/ns_lit_doc_2005…