Schramberg

Nazi and post-war period

Due to the administrative reform during the Nazi era in Württemberg , the district (until 1934 Oberamt) Oberndorf was dissolved and Schramberg was assigned to the district of Rottweil.

After the Second World War, the city of Schramberg fell into the French occupation zone and thus came to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern in 1947 , which was incorporated into the state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952.

During the district reform in 1973 , Schramberg remained part of the Rottweil district, but with the dissolution of the Southern Württemberg-Hohenzollern administrative district, the current assignment of the district and thus Schramberg to the Freiburg administrative district came about .

Special events

• On May 21, 1959, Schramberg was hit by a severe storm, during which the water masses earth and rubble from the surrounding mountains washed into the city of five valleys.
• In February 1982 a McDonnell F-4 Phantom fighter aircraft lost an AIM-9 Sidewinder air-to-air missile over the city. After several days of searching, the rocket was found in a barn on a farm in Upper Kirnbach. It had broken through the roof and was stuck in the concrete floor, but it did not explode.
• In 1986 there was a spectacular accident when a truck coming from Lauterbach with failed brakes sped against the one-way street into the city center and came to a stop in a supermarket. No one was injured except the driver.
• In 2000 the Baden-Württemberg Home Days took place in Schramberg .
• On June 1, 2005, the biggest fire damage so far in the history of Schramberg took place. The major fire at Schweizer Electronic AG had to be extinguished with the help of several fire brigades from the area and around 250 emergency services.

Incorporations

The following communities or parts of the community were incorporated into the city of Schramberg:

• 1939: Sulgen, formed in 1935 by the union of the municipalities of Sulgen and Sulgau
• December 1, 1971: Waldmössingen
• January 1, 1975: Brambach, Glasbach, Hochholz, Lienberg, Oberreute, Rappenbauernhof (until then parts of the municipality of Aichhalden)
• January 1, 1977: Hutneck (until then partly part of the Hardt community)
• May 1, 2006: Tennenbronn

After Waldmössingen was incorporated on December 1, 1971, the city's population rose to over 20,000. The city administration applied for a major district town , which the state government of Baden-Württemberg decided with effect from January 1, 1972. But soon the population sank again below 20,000, but Schramberg was able to keep the status of "large district town". On May 1, 2006, the previously independent municipality of Tennenbronn was incorporated into Schramberg, bringing the city's population back to over 20,000.

Sulgen

Sulgen was first mentioned in 1323. The medieval scattered settlement appears after 1444 under the two names Sulgen and Sulgau. Both places developed independently of one another and were run as independent communities, which were only united under the name "Sulgen" in 1934, but were incorporated into the city of Schramberg in 1939.

Waldmössingen

Waldmössingen was first mentioned in 994 as "Mesinga" and in 1262 as "Waltmessingen". In the 11th and 12th centuries there was a local nobility. The town and the town of Oberndorf belonged to the Dukes of Zähringen, later to the Lords of Teck, and Oberndorf came to Austria in 1381. In 1805 the place became part of Württemberg. In 1806 he belonged to the Obervogteiamt Oberndorf, from 1807 to the Oberamt Rottweil and from 1810 to the newly created Oberamt Oberndorf. When it was dissolved in 1938, Waldmössingen became part of the Rottweil district.

Population development

Population development of Schramberg from 1810 to 2016

Population figures according to the respective area. The figures are census results (¹) or official updates from the respective statistical offices (main residences only).

year Population numbers 1810 1,746 1823 2,035 1834 2,551 1849 3,261 1861 3.125 December 1, 1871 3,453 December 1, 1880¹ 4,571 December 1, 1900 ¹ 8,551 December 1, 1910¹ 11,267 June 16, 1925 ¹ 12,113 June 16, 1933 ¹ 11,741 May 17, 1939 ¹ 16,010 September 13, 1950 ¹ 16,458

year Population numbers June 6, 1961 ¹ 18,114 May 27, 1970 ¹ 18,951 December 31, 1971 20,147 December 31, 1975 19,677 December 31, 1980 19,157 May 25, 1987 ¹ 18.102 December 31, 1990 19,086 December 31, 1995 19,598 December 31, 2000 18,883 December 31, 2005 18,391 June 30, 2006² 22.093 December 31, 2010 21,242 December 31, 2015 20,985 December 31, 2016 21,048 December 31, 2019 21,362

¹ census result ² update wg. Incorporation of Tennenbronn

Religions

Denomination statistics

According to the 2011 census , 50.9% were Roman Catholic , 23.8% of the population were Protestant and 25.3% were non-denominational or belonged to another religious community. At the end of June 2020, of the 21,361 inhabitants, 9,442 (44.2%) were Roman Catholic, 4,512 (21.1%) were Protestant and 7,407 (34.7%) were non-denominational or belonged to another religious community.

history

New Apostolic Church

Catholic Holy Spirit Parish Church

Schramberg initially belonged to the diocese of Constance and was assigned to the archdeaconate “in front of the forest”. The place was first a branch of Dunningen, then of Sulgau (today Sulgen). A chapel is mentioned as early as the 14th century. The Lords of Landenberg introduced the Reformation in 1534 , but it was ousted again by Rochus Merz von Staffelfelden in 1547. Therefore Schramberg and the associated places remained predominantly Catholic until the 19th century. In the 16th century the chapel on Schlossberg was elevated to a parish church. The originally Gothic chapel was rebuilt several times and received a tower in 1716. Today it serves the parish church of St. Maria Himmelfahrt, which was built next to it from 1838 to 1842 . The community has belonged to the Rottenburg diocese ( deanery association Rottweil-Oberndorf) since 1821 and 1827 . As a result of strong growth, the parish was divided. This is how the Heilig-Geist-Pfarrei was established in 1957 (church from 1912/14). Sulgen also remained predominantly Catholic until the 19th century. The parish church of St. Lorenz (Laurentius) is a late Gothic church with a tower from 1496. The nave was built in 1826. The new St. Laurentius Church was built in 1967. In Heiligenbronn there is another Catholic parish (St. Gallus). The Waldmössing Church of St. Valentin, which was built in 1884 instead of a Romanesque predecessor church, burned down completely on the night of January 4, 1969 and had to be demolished. The current church was consecrated on September 3, 1973 by Bishop Georg Moser . This parish also belongs with St. Laurentius and St. Gallus to the deanery association Rottweil-Oberndorf. Since June 25, 1989, the chapel “Sel. Bernhard von Baden ”of the Priestly Society of St. Pius X. After a new building on the Lienberg, it was renamed“ Church of the Annunciation ”.

Mayor or Lord Mayor of Schramberg since 1954

• 1954–1974: Konstantin Hank , CDU , mayor, from 1972 mayor († March 19, 1977)
• 1974–1982: Roland Geitmann , SPD , Lord Mayor († December 4, 2013)
• 1982–1990: Bernd Reichert , CDU , Lord Mayor
• 1990–2011: Herbert O. Zinell , SPD , Lord Mayor
• 2011–2019: Thomas Herzog , independent, Lord Mayor
• since 2019: Dorothee Eisenlohr , non-party, Lord Mayor

City-owned companies

The Stadtwerke Schramberg GmbH & Co KG is the city's own energy and water utilities in the city Schramberg. They also operate a parking garage and two swimming pools.

coat of arms

An old village seal is not known. It was not until the 19th century that the griffin was chosen as a coat of arms symbol. It is taken from the coat of arms of the Lords of Nippenburg , who ruled the place for many decades. At first the griffin stood on a mountain of three. But from 1910 the Dreiberg was abandoned. In 1926 a gear was added to the coat of arms as a symbol of the local industry. In 1938 the gear was removed and the current form of the coat of arms was determined.

Town twinning

Schramberg maintains a city ​​partnership with the following cities :

• France Hirson , France , since 1958
• Belgium Charleroi (Marcinelle district), Belgium , since 1964
• Switzerland Lachen , Switzerland , since 1965
• Croatia Čakovec , Croatia , since 1989
• Germany Glashütte , Saxony , contacts since 1989
• Hungary Pilisvörösvár , Hungary , contacts since the 1990s (started in 1982)

Economy and Infrastructure

The Junghans watch factory below the Hohenschramberg

The place is on the German Clock Road .

The watch industry ( Junghans watches) and the precision engineering industry are important branches of industry.

Significant resident companies

• Hugo Kern and Liebers GmbH & Co. KG : the parent plant of the international Kern-Liebers group of companies led by Hans-Jochem Steim is the largest company in Schramberg; Founded as a supplier of tension springs for clockworks, Kern-Liebers is now active in four business areas of metal processing: strip springs, wire springs, stamping technology and components (especially plates) for textile machines
• Watch factory Junghans GmbH & Co. KG ; Once the largest watch factory in the world, since 2011 also owned by the Steim family
• The Schweizer Electronic AG is one of the largest European manufacturers of printed circuit boards (PCBs), Customer is mainly the automotive industry
• Trumpf Laser GmbH ; a global laser manufacturer with headquarters in Ditzingen
• MS-Schramberg (formerly Magnetfabrik Schramberg); Magnet maker

traffic

Schramberg can be reached by car via the Bodenseautobahn A 81 Stuttgart– Singen , exit Rottweil and then via the federal road 462 , or from the west via the B 294 (Bretten-Freiburg), from which the B 462 branches off in Schiltach towards Rottweil. On July 1, 2013, an environmental zone was set up in Schramberg that encompasses almost the entire valley town and in which only vehicles with a yellow or green sticker are allowed to drive.

The airfield Winzeln-Schramberg (EDTW) is from Luftsportverein Schwarzwald operated.

Authorities

Schramberg has a notary's office .

media

Educational institutions

schools

Schramberg has a grammar school ( Gymnasium Schramberg ), a secondary school , a special needs school ( Peter Meyer School ), two elementary schools (Berneckschule and Waldmössingen elementary school) and three elementary and secondary schools (Graf-von-Bissingen-Schule Schramberg, elementary and secondary school) with Werkrealschule Sulgen and the primary and secondary school in Tennenbronn).

The Rottweil district is responsible for the commercial and home economics school, the business school, the Helene Junghans nursing school at the Schramberg district hospital and the Wittum school for the mentally handicapped.

A private school kindergarten, a private school for the blind and visually impaired as well as for the deaf and hearing impaired (both sponsored by the St. Franziskus Heiligenbronn Foundation ) round off the school offerings in Schramberg.

Community College

The adult education center (VHS) has existed in Schramberg since 1950 , initially founded by the citizens of Schramberg as a popular education center. Over the course of six decades, it has developed into the largest adult education institution in the Rottweil district. The VHS is run by the city of Schramberg.
The offer of the VHS includes topics of political education , general education and professional qualifications . In the VHS seminar building, the VHS participants have four seminar rooms, a work room, a painting workshop, a teaching kitchen and a gymnastics room, which are appealing and modernly furnished. There is also a media center in the Schramberg grammar school for the IT courses.
The VHS offers around 7,100 participants each year. According to its statutes, it is the task of the VHS to maintain and promote adult education in the area of ​​the city of Schramberg and in the municipalities of the central area on a non-partisan and non-denominational basis. The VHS offers its participants help with learning as well as with life orientation, judgment formation and self-realization. Through its intercultural education, the VHS makes a significant contribution to integration and mutual tolerance, thereby promoting the cosmopolitan community of city and society.

With its branch in Schiltach / Schenkenzell , the VHS organizes a diverse program for adult education. The current semester program appears every six months in January and September.

Popup Laboratory Baden-Württemberg

From October 19 to 23, 2020, Schramberg will be the location of the Popup Laboratory for the districts of Rottweil, Schwarzwald Baar and Tuttlingen. The project sponsor is the Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO in Stuttgart.

Leisure and sports facilities

The city of Schramberg operates an outdoor swimming pool in Tennenbronn. The indoor swimming pool in Sulgen has been demolished. In its place, the new indoor pool was opened in July 2015, which bears the name "Badschnass" and is equipped with an aquacross system.

The Sportgemeinschaft Schramberg (SG Schramberg 1858) is the largest sports club in the region with 2,300 members. It was created in 2011 from the merger of the Schramberger Turnerschaft and the Sulgen gymnastics club and, with a total of thirteen departments, has a wide range of sports, including a handball and basketball department.

There is also a gliding club (LSV Schwarzwald), a football club ( SpVgg 08 Schramberg ), a shooting club (SGes 1560 Schramberg), and many other sports clubs.

In the Tennenbronn district there is a small children's ski lift and some cross-country trails.

Culture and sights

Museums

The city museum

• The city museum in the classical castle from the 19th century shows the historical development of Schramberg.
• The Diesel Museum in the HAU (Hamburg American Watch Factory) industrial park, which was founded by Paul Landenberger in 1875 and merged with the Junghans watch factory in 1930 , is a technology and industrial park.
• The Steim car collection was reopened in May 2007 in Göttelbachstrasse (on the B462) in the direction of Sulgen. The 3000 m² modern building contains over 100 rare and extremely interesting exhibits from automotive history over the past 100 years. So is z. E.g. an Adler Le Mans racing car on display, which was only built three times. Federal President Heinrich Lübke was the first owner of a Mercedes 300 C and the Saxon Four Roadster, built in 1915, is in its original condition and is also ready to drive.
• The car museum and Clock Museum ErfinderZeiten shows on the one hand the development of the mobility of the "little man" in 1945 and, secondly, a journey through the history of watchmaking in the Black Forest. In addition to cars and clocks, the museum also presents technology and automobile history and the clock and car exhibits in connection with everyday scenes typical of the time, such as shopping in the corner shop with items from the relevant era.
• The Black Forest Railway Museum is a museum for model railways and houses an extensive model railway collection of gauge 2 .
• The terrace building by the Junghans company, which was built from 1916 to 1918, is a masterpiece by the industrial architect Philipp Jakob Manz and is one of the most architecturally interesting industrial buildings in the world. The "Junghans Terrassenbau Museum", which opened in 2018, shows the history of Black Forest clocks, the Junghans clock factory and the associated supplier industry.

Buildings

Hohenschramberg Castle, entrance to the Front Palace

Park of the times

In the years 2002 to 2007 the city's spa gardens were redesigned into the Park of the Times . The historical elements of the villa park were preserved. Offers for families and places for cultural events were renewed or added. New are a children's playground, a pond with play and relaxation areas, water features and watercourses, a magnolia, a rhododendron and a rose garden. The area with the concert shell for open-air events has been renovated.

The concept of time should be made experimentally, artistically and sensually experienceable through works of art, such as the stone bench 4-cardinal points by Georg Hüter or a sunbed that rotates with the sun.

Customs and Traditions

The Schramberger Fasnet

Schramberger Narro

Da-Bach-na driver in Schramberg

Schramberg is a stronghold of the Swabian-Alemannic Carnival or "Fasnet". The most famous attraction is the “ Da-Bach-na-Fahrt ” on Carnival Monday, which since 1936 has attracted up to 30,000 spectators every year.

In addition to the “Bach-na-Driver” and the “Narro”, there is the “Hansel” and “Bruele” fool's clothes. Numerous witches' guilds are also active at the Schramberger Fasnet. The “pretzel blessing”, which takes place at several events during the carnival days, is also known. Here the Hansel distribute pretzels to the visitors, especially the children, when they sing the Schramberger fool's call “Hoorig, hoorig, hoorig isch dia Katz”.

The Kilbesingen

An old tradition in Schramberg and the Schramberg area (former territory of the Schramberg rule ) is the Kilbe or Kilbesingen on the penultimate Saturday in October and the following days up to Wednesday. In the early evening hours, children go from house to house with their lanterns, sing songs and receive sweets or Kilbe-Küchle (yeast donuts baked in fat).

Kilbe saying:

Hit ish Kilbe, morga ish Kilbe, until midweek Obed. And when I come to my Schäzele, no I say guada'n Obed. Guada Obed Schäzele, buy mr au a Bretzele Un an Schobba roda Wi. Morga should be my Hochzit.

Kiachle out, Kiachle out or I throw a Stoi at the house. Sugar on, sugar on or I just eat it at the window.

(The text varies from place to place)

Personalities

Honorary citizen

→ List of honorary citizens of Schramberg

sons and daughters of the town

• Bernhard Heine (1800–1846), physician, bone specialist, inventor of the osteotome
• Arthur Junghans (1852–1920), watch manufacturer
• Josef Andre (1879–1950), politician ( ZENTRUM , BCSV , CDU ), MdR , MdL ( Württemberg , Württemberg-Baden ), Minister of Economics of Württemberg-Baden
• Eugen Reuter (1885–1955), politician and member of the state parliament (center, BCSV, CDU)
• Otto Ernst Schweizer (1890–1965), architect
• Helmut Junghans (1891–1964), watch manufacturer
• Fritz Landenberger (1892–1978), politician, district administrator and mayor in Esslingen am Neckar
• Otto Heuschele (1900–1996), writer, editor and educator
• Georg Knöpfle (1904–1987), footballer, national player
• Vinzenz Erath (1906–1976), narrator, novelist
• Walter Merz (1906–1978), demolition specialist in Hamburg
• Karl Schäuble (1907–2000), politician (BCSV, CDU), member of the state parliament
• Rose Sommer-Leypold (1909–2003), painter
• Ludwig Schweizer (1910–1989), architect, construction clerk and university professor
• Hugo Ruf (1925–1999), musician, university professor
• German Müller (1930–2007), geologist, geochemist
• Rosalinde Haas (* 1932), organist
• Willibrord Haas (* 1936), painter, draftsman and graphic artist
• Martin Herzog (* 1936), politician (CDU), a. a. Minister of Economics of Baden-Württemberg
• Hans-Jochem Steim (* 1942), entrepreneur, politician (CDU), MdL ( Baden-Württemberg ) (1996–2006), honorary citizen
• Arno Bogenrieder (* 1944), botanist and professor emeritus
• Herbert Zinell (* 1951), SPD politician, Lord Mayor of Schramberg from 1990 to 2011, honorary citizen
• Franz Baumann (* 1953), civil servant at the United Nations
• Manfred Kriener (* 1953), journalist
• Dizzy Krisch (* 1954), jazz vibraphonist, pianist and composer
• Martin Weppler (* 1958), athlete, 400-meter runner
• Martina Pfaff (* 1963), opera director and documentary filmmaker
• Uta-Maria Heim (* 1963), writer, crime novelist
• Johannes King (* 1963), cook
• Susanne Andreae (* 1964), book author
• Daniel Oliver Bachmann (* 1965), writer, screenwriter and director
• Kerstin Andreae (* 1968), politician from Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen and Member of the Bundestag
• Daniel Roth (* 1969), artist
• Ralf Özkara (* 1970), politician, formerly AfD
• Maria-Elisabeth Lott (* 1987), violinist
• Kira Eickhoff (* 1988), national handball player
• Myriam Krüger (* 1989), soccer player at SC Freiburg
• Jonathan Maier (* 1992), basketball player

Other personalities who worked here

• Franz Xaver Mezler (1756–1812), physician, personal physician to the Counts of Bissingen in Schramberg
• Erhard Junghans (1823–1870) founded the Junghans watch factory
• Philipp Bauknecht (1884–1933), expressionist artist, spent his youth in Schramberg after his parents returned from Barcelona
• Augustinus Hieber (1886–1968) was a chaplain in Schramberg
• Eva Zeisel (1906–2011), was a designer at Schramberger Majolika
• Otto Nitze (1924–1988) was municipal music director from 1961 to 1965 and founder of the municipal youth orchestra of the Schramberg town music
• Ernest Majo (1916–2002), was the municipal music director and head of the music school
• Julius Viel (1918–2002), Untersturmführer of the Waffen-SS, sentenced to 12 years imprisonment in 2001; headed the local editorial office of the Schwäbische Zeitung in Schramberg
• Martin Grüner (1929–2018), politician (FDP); grew up in Schramberg
• Erich Hauser (1930–2004), sculptor, resident in Schramberg 1952–1959
• Evelyne Marie France Neff (* 1941), local politician and state politician (SPD); worked and lived in Schramberg for a long time, received the Federal Cross of Merit on ribbon in 2003 for her political and voluntary work
• Bernd Richter (* 1943), Federal Chairman of the ÖDP 1993–95; lives in Schramberg
• Christophe Neff (* 1964), the geographer, spent childhood and youth in Schramberg
• Gitta Saxx (* 1965), Playmate of the Century; grew up in Schramberg

Literature and Notes

• Franz Fehrenbacher: City History , ed. from the city of Schramberg, Schramberg 1989
• Franz Fehrenbacher and Gisela Lixfeld: City in the picture.Schramberg. Sutton, Erfurt 1999. ISBN 3-89702-150-1
• Erich Keyser (Ed.): Württembergisches Städtebuch. Volume IV Sub-Volume Baden-Württemberg Volume 2 from “German City Book. Handbook of Urban History ” . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1962.
• Gisela Lixfeld: Snapshots Schramberg. A reader. Straub, Schramberg 1992.
• Large district town Schramberg (Ed.): Schramberg. An illustrated book with texts. With texts by Franz Fehrenbacher and Rolf Linkenheil. Self-published, Schramberg 1981.
• Museum and History Association Schramberg e. V. and large district town Schramberg (ed.): Schramberg. Aristocratic rule, market town, industrial city. Straub, Schramberg 2004. ISBN 3-9807406-3-3
• C. Neff, S. Bassing, A. Scheid, C. Jentsch, S. Franger: Emploi du brûlage dirigé pour la protection de l'environnement et l'entretien du paysage - observations sur quelques exemples français (Pyrénées Orientales & Gard) et allemands (Schramberg Forêt Noire / Allemagne region) . In: Alexander Scheid, Christophe Neff, Christoph Jentsch (eds.): Area extension in the Middle Black Forest. Results and discussion of the geographical and landscape fire-ecological investigations carried out in the Schramberg area . (Materials on Geography, Vol. 34). Geographical Institute of the University of Mannheim, Mannheim 2004. pp. 89–107. ISBN 3-923750-92-7 .
• G.Reichelt: Schramberg 1. Topography and Environment . In: Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (Hrsg.): The district of Rottweil Volume II B. The municipalities Historical bases and the present (continuation). Lauterbach to Zimmer ob Rottweil . Pp. 195-197. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 2003. ISBN 3-7995-1365-5 .
• Elke Ringl-Klank, Gernot Stähle: 75 years of Schramberg workers' welfare . Schramberg 2003.
• Losch Hans-Joachim, The Concentration Camp Victims of National Socialism in Schramberg, Schramberg 1982.
• Ulrike Roggenbuck-Azad: The terrace construction of the Junghans company in Schramberg. From the watch factory to the watch museum. Newsletter of the preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg, year 2018, issue 3, pp. 159-164 (PDF; 9.8 MB)

Web links

Commons : Schramberg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Schramberg  - Travel Guide

Wikisource: Schramberg in the description of the Oberamt Oberndorf from 1868  - sources and full texts

• City of Schramberg

Individual evidence