Labour’s Tom Watson said he had "clear evidence" that a sex group, in which the dead TV star could have been involved, was connected to a past British government.
He claimed a senior aide of a former Prime Minster used to smuggle indecent images of children from abroad and into Whitehall.
Mr Watson suggested during Prime Minister’s Question Time that the paedo ring may have been operating at a time when Jimmy Savile, who had strong establishment connections, was abusing children.
He referred to a notorious paedophile, Peter Righton, who was convicted in 1992 after years of criminal activity.
Using Parliamentary privilege, Mr Watson said: “The evidence file used to convict Peter Righton, if it still exists, contains clear intelligence of a widespread paedophile ring.
“One of its members boasts of his links to a senior aide of a former Prime Minister, who says he could smuggle indecent images of children from abroad.
“The leads were not followed up but if the files still exist I want to ensure that the Metropolitan Police secure the evidence, reexamine it and investigate clear intelligence suggesting a powerful paedophile network linked to Parliament and No10.”
College lecturer Righton, who was jailed for his crimes, was Director of Education at the National Institute of Social Work.
That gave him infl uence over government policy and access to ministers.
PM David Cameron replied to Mr Watson in the Commons, saying he was “not entirely sure” which former Prime Minister Mr Watson was referring to.
He said he would look at the case “very carefully” and see if Mr Watson could be given the assurance he wanted.
The latest claims come as police probing Jimmy Savile’s six decades of sex abuse are poised to make a series of arrests.
Sources say the net is tightening on a handful of people linked to the pervert Jim’ll Fix It star. Around 200 people have given statements to the Met saying they were molested by Savile and 60 of those have named others linked to the sleazy DJ.
Their claims mainly focus on the abuse of vulnerable young people at institutions including the BBC, hospitals and children’s homes.
Like Savile, the other perpetrators appear to have exploited wayward kids who were in TV audiences or staying at hospitals.
One witness, Karin Ward, was a pupil at Duncroft Approved School in Staines, Surrey, and was bussed into BBC Television Centre to appear in show audiences.
She claims she was repeatedly molested by Savile and saw Gary Glitter having sex with an underage girl in Savile’s BBC dressing room.
It is unclear whether convicted child molester Glitter, 68, will be questioned about her allegations.
A Scotland Yard spokesman confirmed that so far no-one had been arrested or interviewed.
But detectives are in touch with other forces across the country after making a high-profi le plea for victims to come forward.
Shadow Education Secretary Stephen Twigg said there was now a “clear need” to overhaul rules on children appearing on TV.
He told delegates at the National Children And Adult Services conference there should also be an independent judge-led inquiry into Savile’s vile attacks.
And Tory MP Sir Roger Gale, who used to work at the BBC, demanded Lord Patten, chairman of the BBC Trust, and Director General George Entwistle should “fall on their swords” over the matter.
He said it was clear that successive directors general “turned a blind eye to criminal activities or have not known what has been going on on their own doorstep”.
Earlier this week more than 5million viewers tuned into a Panorama programme about the scandal.
It asked why a 2011 Newsnight report into Savile’s activities, compiled by producer Meirion Jones and reporter Liz Mackean, was shelved by Newsnight editor Peter Rippon, 47.
