"The rapid antigen tests contain toxic gold nanoparticles and at least in one case a chemical not approved in Europe, which has now received an exemption, according to Prof. Bergholz. “All of these substances are harmful to health and the environment.” All of the package inserts for rapid tests that he examined contain chemicals that are hazardous to health. The spitting tests are based on carbon nanotubes. This substance is basically subject to the European REACH chemicals regulation."