Pope St. Celestine Teaches Ipso Facto Deposition of Heretics
“The authority of Our Apostolic See has determined that the bishop, cleric, or simple Christian who had been deposed or excommunicated by Nestorius or his followers, after the latter began to preach heresy, shall not be considered deposed or excommunicated. For he who had defected from the faith with such preachings, cannot depose or remove anyone whatsoever.”2
What is the difference between an excommunicate and an open heretic?
What is the difference between an excommunicate and an open heretic?