When Protestant and Orthodox missionaries got to Japan in the 19th century, they were shocked to find that the Kakure Kirishitan (hidden Christians) had not only kept the Faith, they refused to visit …More
When Protestant and Orthodox missionaries got to Japan in the 19th century,
they were shocked to find that the Kakure Kirishitan (hidden Christians) had not only kept the Faith, they refused to visit churches that didn’t have statues of the Virgin and didn’t pray for the Pope.
they were shocked to find that the Kakure Kirishitan (hidden Christians) had not only kept the Faith, they refused to visit churches that didn’t have statues of the Virgin and didn’t pray for the Pope.
Ultraviolet
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Correction: The Kakure Kirishitan (hidden Christians) had not "kept the Faith". They repudiated and denied their Faith in order to survive, something genuine Christians elsewhere gladly went to their deaths before doing.
Let us now revisit the fascinating practice of fumi-e "stepping on picture". This was a mandatory desecration of an image of The Blessed Mother and/or Christ. The Tokugawa …More
Correction: The Kakure Kirishitan (hidden Christians) had not "kept the Faith". They repudiated and denied their Faith in order to survive, something genuine Christians elsewhere gladly went to their deaths before doing.
Let us now revisit the fascinating practice of fumi-e "stepping on picture". This was a mandatory desecration of an image of The Blessed Mother and/or Christ. The Tokugawa shogunate (correctly) assumed that a devout Christian would rather die than commit such a sacrilege, even to save their own life. The Tokugawa shogunate also (wrongly) assumed Japanese Christians were devout. (From Wiki:)
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Nagasaki Junshin Catholic University professor Simon Hill stated that if all of the fumie participants had instead chosen to be defiant and died, Christianity would not have continued in Japan; he stated "It is only because some made an existential decision to trample on the fumie, [...] that Christianity in Japan was able to survive."
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That "existential decision" was to publicly deny their Faith.
Not just once, but each and every time it was required of them -which was constantly. Fumi-e became a commonplace requirement at sekisho (border checkpoints) between different provinces or into and out city districts.
Imagine a "Christian" having to befoul and desecrate an image of Christ and The Blessed Mother every day they went cross-town to go to work. And they did it.
Additionally, the Tokugawa shogunate's "Danka" system required all Japanese to register as members of a local Buddhist temple (i.e. what we today would call a parish)
Buddhism was the official government religion and it was mandatory along with a number of officially prescribed duties: (From Wiki)
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Duty to visit the temple on several yearly occasion. Failure to make the visits could cause the removal of the danka's name from the registry.
Duty to perform two services on the day of the ancestor memorial service. Failure to provide adequate entertainment for the priest meant being branded as a Christian.
Duty to make the family temple perform all memorial and funerary services.
Duty of anyone capable of walking to be present at memorial services for ancestors.
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In short, Japanese "Christians" survived by a denial of Christ and by swearing belief to Buddhism, Fumi-e ensured the former, Danka guaranteed the latter.
Are those the behaviors of a Christian? Denying one's own faith and the willing participating in another? Just to save their lives?
Christ answered this question in the negative. Matthew 16:25
"For he that will save his life, shall lose it: and he that shall lose his life for my sake, shall find it."
The Japanese "Christians" made their choice and it was the wrong one.
Let us now revisit the fascinating practice of fumi-e "stepping on picture". This was a mandatory desecration of an image of The Blessed Mother and/or Christ. The Tokugawa shogunate (correctly) assumed that a devout Christian would rather die than commit such a sacrilege, even to save their own life. The Tokugawa shogunate also (wrongly) assumed Japanese Christians were devout. (From Wiki:)
---
Nagasaki Junshin Catholic University professor Simon Hill stated that if all of the fumie participants had instead chosen to be defiant and died, Christianity would not have continued in Japan; he stated "It is only because some made an existential decision to trample on the fumie, [...] that Christianity in Japan was able to survive."
---
That "existential decision" was to publicly deny their Faith.
Not just once, but each and every time it was required of them -which was constantly. Fumi-e became a commonplace requirement at sekisho (border checkpoints) between different provinces or into and out city districts.
Imagine a "Christian" having to befoul and desecrate an image of Christ and The Blessed Mother every day they went cross-town to go to work. And they did it.
Additionally, the Tokugawa shogunate's "Danka" system required all Japanese to register as members of a local Buddhist temple (i.e. what we today would call a parish)
Buddhism was the official government religion and it was mandatory along with a number of officially prescribed duties: (From Wiki)
---
Duty to visit the temple on several yearly occasion. Failure to make the visits could cause the removal of the danka's name from the registry.
Duty to perform two services on the day of the ancestor memorial service. Failure to provide adequate entertainment for the priest meant being branded as a Christian.
Duty to make the family temple perform all memorial and funerary services.
Duty of anyone capable of walking to be present at memorial services for ancestors.
---
In short, Japanese "Christians" survived by a denial of Christ and by swearing belief to Buddhism, Fumi-e ensured the former, Danka guaranteed the latter.
Are those the behaviors of a Christian? Denying one's own faith and the willing participating in another? Just to save their lives?
Christ answered this question in the negative. Matthew 16:25
"For he that will save his life, shall lose it: and he that shall lose his life for my sake, shall find it."
The Japanese "Christians" made their choice and it was the wrong one.
Ultraviolet
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Perversion carries a different meaning in English. ;-)
@Ultraviolet
Perhaps, in the ultra-rainbow English (with "gays" and so on) "perverted" carries only one meaning.
Perhaps, in the ultra-rainbow English (with "gays" and so on) "perverted" carries only one meaning.
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No, it's not "ultra-rainbow English". The adjective "perverted" has a clear and unambiguous definition in English.
(of a person or their actions) characterized by sexually abnormal and unacceptable practices or tendencies.
That's directly from the Oxford English Dictionary which is a benchmark used in defining words in the English speaking court system. Its connotaton as an adjective has always …More
No, it's not "ultra-rainbow English". The adjective "perverted" has a clear and unambiguous definition in English.
(of a person or their actions) characterized by sexually abnormal and unacceptable practices or tendencies.
That's directly from the Oxford English Dictionary which is a benchmark used in defining words in the English speaking court system. Its connotaton as an adjective has always been an unsavoury one
You are not fully fluent in this language and it shows. Please go practice your English with someone else's comments.
(of a person or their actions) characterized by sexually abnormal and unacceptable practices or tendencies.
That's directly from the Oxford English Dictionary which is a benchmark used in defining words in the English speaking court system. Its connotaton as an adjective has always been an unsavoury one
You are not fully fluent in this language and it shows. Please go practice your English with someone else's comments.
@Ultraviolet
"That's directly from the Oxford English Dictionary "
If you read the content you provide it will make a discussion much more easy for us:
" having been corrupted or distorted from its original course, meaning, or state"
"That's directly from the Oxford English Dictionary "
If you read the content you provide it will make a discussion much more easy for us:
" having been corrupted or distorted from its original course, meaning, or state"
Ultraviolet
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If you did not deliberately ignore the primary definition in the content I provide, it would also make the (not "a") discussion much more easy for us.
You don't like the Oxford English Dictionary? Too bad. The Cambridge English Dictionary defines the word identically.
relating to getting sexual pleasure in a strange or unpleasant way
They even include a Polish translation - perwersyjny
Both …More
If you did not deliberately ignore the primary definition in the content I provide, it would also make the (not "a") discussion much more easy for us.
You don't like the Oxford English Dictionary? Too bad. The Cambridge English Dictionary defines the word identically.
relating to getting sexual pleasure in a strange or unpleasant way
They even include a Polish translation - perwersyjny
Both dictionaries are written by the English, for the English, about English and they are in full agreement with each other.
You, by contrast, are a Pole who is only marginally fluent in English and write stilted sentences because you are not fluent in the language. Worse, you supply nothing but your own uneducated opinion.
At least have the good sense to realize you do not know what you are talking about in a language you do not fully understand.
You don't like the Oxford English Dictionary? Too bad. The Cambridge English Dictionary defines the word identically.
relating to getting sexual pleasure in a strange or unpleasant way
They even include a Polish translation - perwersyjny
Both dictionaries are written by the English, for the English, about English and they are in full agreement with each other.
You, by contrast, are a Pole who is only marginally fluent in English and write stilted sentences because you are not fluent in the language. Worse, you supply nothing but your own uneducated opinion.
At least have the good sense to realize you do not know what you are talking about in a language you do not fully understand.
Ultraviolet
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I don't.
However, neither the Oxford nor the Cambridge English Dictionaries were written for the specific purpose of correcting an opinionated Pole who stubbornly argued the meaning of a word in a language he barely understands.
The lexicographers who compiled either work didn't use you as their benchmark for ignorance.
So, understandably, the definitions aren't going to apply precisely to your…More
I don't.
However, neither the Oxford nor the Cambridge English Dictionaries were written for the specific purpose of correcting an opinionated Pole who stubbornly argued the meaning of a word in a language he barely understands.
The lexicographers who compiled either work didn't use you as their benchmark for ignorance.
So, understandably, the definitions aren't going to apply precisely to your mistakes.
They provide the clearest possible definitions covering the broadest applicable situations.
Here's the really important parts: their defintions of the word "perverted" are complimentary to each other and contradictory to your own entirely unsupported opinion.
I make no apologies for my pride. It stems from being:
a.) right
b.) able to support a.) when challenged
c.) skilled at countering anyone who attempts to contest a.) or b.)
Before you criticize my pride, check the size of your own.
What led you to assume you could argue the nuances of a foreign language against a native-speaker? An articulate native-speaker, no less?
That can only come from a monstrous arrogance, one that demonstrably surpasses my own.
At least I have the good sense, motivated by pride incidentally, to pick my battles where I have a probability of winning them.
You, by contrast, picked a fight you were almost certainly going to lose.
However, neither the Oxford nor the Cambridge English Dictionaries were written for the specific purpose of correcting an opinionated Pole who stubbornly argued the meaning of a word in a language he barely understands.
The lexicographers who compiled either work didn't use you as their benchmark for ignorance.
So, understandably, the definitions aren't going to apply precisely to your mistakes.
They provide the clearest possible definitions covering the broadest applicable situations.
Here's the really important parts: their defintions of the word "perverted" are complimentary to each other and contradictory to your own entirely unsupported opinion.
I make no apologies for my pride. It stems from being:
a.) right
b.) able to support a.) when challenged
c.) skilled at countering anyone who attempts to contest a.) or b.)
Before you criticize my pride, check the size of your own.
What led you to assume you could argue the nuances of a foreign language against a native-speaker? An articulate native-speaker, no less?
That can only come from a monstrous arrogance, one that demonstrably surpasses my own.
At least I have the good sense, motivated by pride incidentally, to pick my battles where I have a probability of winning them.
You, by contrast, picked a fight you were almost certainly going to lose.
Ultraviolet
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If your comments are getting deleted, it probably means one of three things.
a.) You've offended the uploader of the post. Since some of your comments here remain, this is certainly not the case.
b.) You've offended the site owner/ administrator. Again, since some of your comments remain here and elsewhere, this is also certainly not the case. If you offend that individual and your entire account …More
If your comments are getting deleted, it probably means one of three things.
a.) You've offended the uploader of the post. Since some of your comments here remain, this is certainly not the case.
b.) You've offended the site owner/ administrator. Again, since some of your comments remain here and elsewhere, this is also certainly not the case. If you offend that individual and your entire account will simply get "erased".
Fun Trivia: The last two accounts that got "erased" were people who went out of their way to antagonize me. I had nothing to do with their removal, nor did I request it.
c.) You've offended a moderator who percieves you as a troll and a nuisance. When that happens (and it very well might) they tend to be ruthless in purging "annoying" comments.
Rest assured, I can tell you truly... before The Almighty God... I'm not the one deleting your comments. I never delete people's comments.
Instead, I'll expose your errors in a way that makes you look foolish... which is far, far worse. ;-)
I've had people delete their own comments on GTV, simply out of shame.
a.) You've offended the uploader of the post. Since some of your comments here remain, this is certainly not the case.
b.) You've offended the site owner/ administrator. Again, since some of your comments remain here and elsewhere, this is also certainly not the case. If you offend that individual and your entire account will simply get "erased".
Fun Trivia: The last two accounts that got "erased" were people who went out of their way to antagonize me. I had nothing to do with their removal, nor did I request it.
c.) You've offended a moderator who percieves you as a troll and a nuisance. When that happens (and it very well might) they tend to be ruthless in purging "annoying" comments.
Rest assured, I can tell you truly... before The Almighty God... I'm not the one deleting your comments. I never delete people's comments.
Instead, I'll expose your errors in a way that makes you look foolish... which is far, far worse. ;-)
I've had people delete their own comments on GTV, simply out of shame.
@Ultraviolet
I do not suspect you of removing my comments.I have a very probable suspicion who removes my content.
To the rest of your boasting I can reply only with honest laugh.
I do not suspect you of removing my comments.I have a very probable suspicion who removes my content.
To the rest of your boasting I can reply only with honest laugh.
Ultraviolet
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Good for you, bunky. The delicious part is I'm not boasting. ;-)