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C - As a summary of the results obtained up to now from the forensic, geometrical and
mathematical studies carried out by the EDICES, the following can be confidently stated3;

[PDF]Comparative Study of the Sudarium of Oviedo and the ...

In Spanish: [PDF]Estudio comparativo entre al Sudario de Oviedo y la ...

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1. The Sudarium of Oviedo is a relic, which has been venerated in the cathedral of Oviedo for a
very long time. It contains stains formed by human blood of the group AB.
2. The cloth is dirty, creased, torn and burnt in parts, stained and highly contaminated. It does not,
however, show signs of fraudulent manipulation.
3. It seems to be a funeral cloth that was probably placed over the head of the corpse of an adult
male of normal constitution.
4. The man whose face the Sudarium covered had a beard, moustache and long hair, tied up at the
nape of his neck into a ponytail.
5. The man's mouth was closed, his nose was squashed and forced to the right by the pressure of
holding the cloth to his face. Both these anatomical elements have been clearly identified on the
sudarium of Oviedo.
6. The man was dead. The mechanism that formed the stains is incompatible with any kind of
breathing movement.
7. At the bottom of the back of his head, there is a series of wounds produced in life by some sharp
objects. These wounds had bled about an hour before the cloth was placed on top of them.
8. Just about the entire head, shoulders and at least part of the back of the man were covered in
blood before being covered by this cloth. This is known because it is impossible to reproduce the
stains in the hair, on the forehead and on top of the head with blood from a corpse. It can therefore
be stated that the man was wounded before death with something that made his scalp bleed and
produced wounds on his neck, shoulders and upper part of the back.
9. The man suffered a pulmonary oedema as a consequence of the terminal process.
10. The cloth was placed over the head starting from the back, held to the hair by sharp objects.
From there it went round the left side of the head to the right cheek, where, for apparently unknown
reasons it was folded over on itself, ending up folded like an accordion at the left cheek. It is
possible that the cloth was placed like this because the head formed an obstacle and so it was
folded over on itself. On placing the cloth in this position, two stained areas can be anatomically
observed - one over the "ponytail" and the other over the top of the back.
3 Acts of the 1st International Congress on the Sudarium of Oviedo, Centro Español de Sindonología, Valencia 1996.
See the papers by Ángel del Campo, José Antonio Sánchez and Delfín Villalaín. See also Acts of the 2nd National
Congress on Paleopathology, Valencia 1993.
5
Once the man had died, the corpse stayed in a vertical position for around one hour, and the right
arm was raised with the head bent 70 degrees forwards and 20 degrees to the right.
How can this be reasonably thought of as a "vertical position"? If the man of the Oviedo Sudarium
was hanging by the right arm only, then the rest of the body, especially the head, would be
relatively far from this arm, hanging to the left. This position is incompatible with that of the head
that the cloth wrapped. It is therefore easy to deduce that the body was hanging by both arms. But if
the body was hanging like this, without support for the feet, the man would have died in 15 or 20
minutes, and there would not have been enough time to generate the amount of liquid necessary to
form the stains visible on the cloth. If the body were hanging with both arms above the head, then
the head would have been leaning forwards and not to the right. So the only position compatible
with the formation of the stains on the Oviedo cloth is both arms outstretched above the head and
the feet in such a position as to make breathing very difficult, i.e. a position totally compatible with
crucifixion. We can say that the man was wounded first (blood on the head, shoulders and back)
and then "crucified"4.
11. The body was then placed on the ground on its right side, with the arms in the same position,
and the head still bent 20 degrees to the right, and at 115 degrees from the vertical position. The
forehead was placed on a hard surface, and the body was left in this position for approximately one
more hour.
12. The body was then moved, while somebody's left hand in various positions tried to stem the flow
of liquid from the nose and mouth, pressing strongly against them. This movement could have taken
about 5 minutes. The cloth was folded over itself all this time. The cloth was then straightened out
and wrapped all round the head, like a hood, held on again by sharp objects. This allowed part of
the cloth, folded like a cone, to fall over the back. With the head thus covered, the corpse was held
up (partly) by a left fist. The cloth was then moved sideways over the face in this position.
Thus, once the obstacle (which could have been the hair matted with blood or the head bent
towards the right) had been removed, the cloth covered the entire head and the corpse was moved
for the last time, face down on a closed left fist. This movement produced the large triangular stain,
on whose surface the finger shaped stains can be seen and on the reverse side of the cloth, the
curve inscribed on the cheek. Like the previous movement, this one could have taken 5 minutes at
most.
13. Finally, on reaching the destination, the body was placed face up and for unknown reasons, the
cloth was taken off the head.
14. Possibly myrrh and aloes were then sprinkled over the cloth.
Taking these results into account, it is easy to understand the most important conclusion of the «I
International Congress on the Sudarium of Oviedo, which took place in said city, in 1994.» - A
complete joint study of the Sudarium and the Shroud is necessary.
The aim of this paper is to communicate to investigators and students of the Shroud one step more
of the data and results that coincide for both cloths.