@Just me Certainly.....there is a difference between
formal heresy and merely
material or
objective heresy. Many Catholics can easily fall into
material or
objective heresy from lack of full understanding of the doctrines of the Church, from the promptings of personal piety which -- for example -- can't bear the thought that Hell is eternal, so they conjecture to themselves that perhaps God has a way around the eternal torment of souls.
Material or objective heresy is to hold beliefs or opinions contrary to the teachings of the Church, but without necessarily being completely unwilling to accept correction concerning these errors once they are better informed or "formed".
All Catholics must hold and believe without question the dogmas of the Catholic Church, such as the existence of Hell, the Immaculate Conception, the Virgin Birth, the Real Presence, the binding nature of the Ten Commandments and so forth.
Further, the Church is a
juridical institution; that is, it is governed by strict laws of jurisdiction, Canon Law, etc. which must be consulted and followed for matters of discipline and censure when the need arises-- very similar to how our own government and judicial system works when it is not abused: i.e. we assume a person is innocent until/unless proven guilty.
Thus, if a Pope were to contradict Catholic doctrine, or at least appear to in such a manner as to publicly call the Church's teachings into question -- admittedly, some of the Pope's personal comments, and even some passages in
Amoris Laetitia, for example seem to do that -- then
only a juridical body within the Church, such as the College of Cardinals, as one example, can convene to make a formal inquiry into the nature of the Pope's comments, his official documents (Apostolic letters, Encyclicals), etc., to see if they are
truly and explicitly contrary to the teachings of the Catholic Faith, and -- if the inquiry substantiates that to be the case -- then this same body would have to examine the Pope's beliefs in the form of a canonical inquiry to see if these errors are "stubbornly" (i.e. pertinaciously) held, and whether he refuses to clarify and correct his beliefs in conformity with Catholic Doctrine.
It could well be that the troubling things Pope Francis has said would immediately be retracted and corrected by him were this type of juridical process pursued; meaning that his errors are not pertinacious -- i.e. stubbornly held -- and are merely expressions of a deformed piety or twisted mercy that does not seem to accord with the Laws of God.
If such an inquiry were held, the Pope thus confronted in a juridical forum, and he were to willingly correct what appear to be errors, then it is clear his errors were not "formal" or "pertinacious" heresy, and he would still be regarded as Pope.
Until and unless this happens, Catholics may safely assume we are
not without a Pope and his authority -- when justly exercised in matters of the Church, and without detriment to the Church and Her Patrimony -- is valid and binding before God....such as the Consecration which took place today.
THIS ALSO pertains to questions about the election of Pope Francis and the resignation of Pope Benedict. Until and Unless a juridical inquiry is made into such matters -- and God has not willed that it be done, and we are now in the 10th year of the current Pontificate -- it is vain and fruitless and harmful to be conjecturing about whether we have a Pope.....as we don't have from God the "grace of state" nor the competency for such matters, and we might only harm and confuse souls even further...some to the point of despair.
The Church is a juridical body -- God knows that, intends that and works within that construct. Those of us without juridical competence or authority should simple trust that God is always in control, and will guide things for the ultimate good of the Church, despite the current crisis of the Faith within the Church.
As Catholics, that does not free us of the responsibility of Catholic discernment. We
do not obey abuse of authority (i.e. use of authority to suppress and destroy that which was passed down to us by way of Sacred Tradition, since no Pope can abrogate or destroy what is rightfully the Church's inheritance, and must preserve it for future generations), nor are we to be silent in the face of apparent error, and may rightly speak out when even a Pope publishes or teaches what appears to be error.
So, that was a long-winded, very simplistic explanation lacking some of the necessary nuance and precision, but I hope that helps....?
May God bless you and reward your evident love for our Catholic Faith!